Assesses the social climate of groups and teams
Rudolf H. Moos 
The Group Environment Scale (GES, third edition) has been used in clinical and organizational settings to facilitate group counseling and team building, and to compare members’ and leaders’ views of their group or team. The GES is also useful for encouraging members and leaders to become involved in planning and changing the group or team, and in showing both members and leaders how their behavior influences team climate.
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Translations of this instrument are available. For a complete list of translations, along with more details on our translation policy, please visit our translations index page.
About the Group Environment Scale (GES)
Uses
- diagnose problems
- monitor and promote change and program improvement
- appraise and improve leadership
- team building
- identify risks
Applications
- individual and team counseling
- research and program evaluation
Scales
The ninety items of the GES are grouped into ten subscales with three dimensions.
Relationship
Three subscales tap the degree of commitment, concern and friendship group members show for one another, the amount of help, concern and friendship the leaders shows for team members, and the amount that freedom of action and expression of feelings is encouraged in the group.
- Cohesion
- Leader Support
- Expressiveness
Personal Growth
- Independence assesses how much the group encourages independent action and expression among members
- Task Orientation reflects how much emphasis is placed on completing concrete, practical tasks and on decision making and training
- Self-Discovery measures how much the group encourages members’ discussion of personal problems
- Anger and Aggression assesses the extent that there is open expression of anger and disagreement in the group
System Maintenance and Change
Three dimensions measure the degree of importance of clear organization, structure and rules in the group, as well as the extent to which the leader directs the group, makes decisions and enforces rules, and finally, how much the group promotes diversity and change in its own functions and activities
- Order and Organization
- Leader Control
- Innovation
Applications and Evidence
The GES Manual, Third Edition contains comprehensive information regarding the development and use of the GES scales in sections such as
- When is an Assessment of a Group Useful?
- Interpreting Group Profiles
- Monitoring Group Change
- Promoting Group Improvement
- Development, Normative Samples, and Psychometric Characteristics
- Research Applications and Validity
The Manual Appendices also contain raw-to-standard score conversion tables for both Group Means and Individuals.
Inventory Item Samples
Three types of forms include ninety items to measure subscales.
Real Form: The items are worded asking the members and leaders to describe their current group social environment as they perceive it
| A. When members disagree with each other, they usually say so | T | F |
| B. Members are expected to take leadership in the group | T | F |
Ideal and Expectations Forms: Allow members and leaders to describe the type of group environment they prefer or their expectations of what a group will be like
| A. When members disagree with each other, they will usually say so | T | F |
| B. Members will be expected to take leadership in the group | T | F |
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