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CPI 260 Achievement via Independence Scale

 

Author: Harrison G. Gough

The Achievement via Independence (Ai) Scale evaluates an individual’s capacity to pursue goals through self-directed and innovative approaches. It focuses on the ability to think critically, take initiative, and excel without relying on established norms. This scale reflects success achieved through resourcefulness, creativity, and a strong sense of autonomy.

The scale is part of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), a well-established tool for understanding personality characteristics that contribute to effective behavior in various contexts. This scale is frequently used in leadership development and organizational coaching to identify strengths and developmental opportunities.

Please contact Mind Garden to purchase permission to use this scale in your research.

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Features of the Achievement via Independence Scale

Purpose: To evaluate an individual’s drive to succeed through self-direction, creativity, and independent effort.

Length: Approximately 50 items

Average completion time: 5 minutes

Target population: High school age and older.

Administration: Designed for individual administration.

Validation: Demonstrated validity across diverse populations and contexts.

Uses of the Achievement via Independence Scale

  • Self-Evaluation
  • Leadership development
  • Coaching and personal growth
  • Organizational research

Ai is predictive of superior performance in settings requiring independent planning and effort. High scorers appear to be intelligent, clear-thinking individuals with a wide range of interests. They aspire to do well and are capable of self-direction. (p. 135)

-- From H.G. Gough & P. Bradley (1996), “CPI Manual Third Edition” (Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press)