Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale

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Measure beliefs regarding ability to perform various math-related tasks and behaviors

Nancy Betz & Gail Hackett

Manual License to Use

The Efficacy Scale is intended to measure beliefs regarding ability to perform various math-related tasks and behaviors. Subjects are asked to indicate their degree of confidence in their ability to perform the math task on a scale ranging from “Not at all Difficult” (0) to “Extremely Difficult” (9).

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... you want to view the instrument prior to purchasing a License to Reproduce/Administer or Online Survey.

... you need details on Reliability, Validity, Administration, Scoring and Interpretation.

... you need to submit a non-reproducible copy of the instrument to your IRB or advisor for approval.

GRADUATE STUDENTS, if you are preparing a research proposal, ordering the manual is a great first step.


You can purchase the Manual in one of two ways:

FASTER OPTION: Return to the product page by clicking on "click to close and return." Click on the PDF icon to add the electronic version of the manual to your shopping cart. After checkout you will receive an email containing instructions on how to download your Manual. After download, you will print it yourself.

SLOWER OPTION: Return to the product page by clicking on "click to close and return." Click on the envelope icon to add a printed copy of the Manual to your shopping cart. FedEx shipping charges apply

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Manual
- You need a Manual if...

	Paper by mail		Digital download (PDF)
Includes non-reproducible instrument and scoring key, both marked “non-reproducible copy”		$40.00

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You need a License to Reproduce/Administer if...

... you want to do a paper and pencil survey.

... you want to use the instrument on PsychData, Zoomerang, Qualtrics, SurveyMonkey™, etc.
(Following your purchase, you must also agree to comply with Mind Garden's Online Use guidelines and complete an Online Use application)

In both cases you administer and score the instrument.

Alternatively, if you order Online Survey you can use Mind Garden's Transform system - you input the names and email addresses of your participants or send out a link and the data is collected and scored automatically (raw scale scores by respondent). For more details, return to the product page and click on "You need Mind Garden's Online Survey if..."


You can purchase a License to Reproduce/Administer in two ways:

FASTER OPTION: Return to the product page by clicking on "click to close and return." Click on the PDF
icon - for the needed number of administrations - to add a downloadable license to your shopping cart. After checkout you will receive an email containing instructions on how to download your PDF file. This file will include one copy of the instrument and scoring key, and a license to reproduce the purchased number.

SLOWER OPTION: Return to the product page by clicking on "click to close and return." Click on the envelope icon - for the needed number of administrations - to add a printed copy of the license to your shopping cart. We will print and ship you one copy of the instrument and a license to reproduce the purchased number. FedEx shipping charges apply.

A License to Reproduce will allow you to either conduct a paper and pencil survey, or re-type and reformat for use online.

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You should order Mind Garden's Online Survey if...

... You want to use Mind Garden's Transform system to administer your survey online. No need to re-type and reformat. Transform will collect the data and can download it to you with raw scale scores by respondent.

With Transform, we do most of the work for you. You input the names and email addresses of your participants or send out a link. You monitor responses, send reminders and download your data anytime (.csv file). We can customize your survey by adding questions and even other survey instruments (on a fee basis).

Alternatively, if want to administer and score the instrument yourself, whether manually or using an online survey product, you can order a License to Reproduce/Administer. For more details, return to the product page and click on "You need a License to Reproduce/Administer if..."


GRADUATE STUDENTS, you should order Mind Garden's Online Survey if you are ready to collect data NOW and prefer not to retype, reformat and calculate raw scale scores by respondent.


To purchase Mind Garden's Online Survey:

Return to the product page by clicking on "click to close and return." Click on the Data icon - for the needed number of administrations - to add Online Survey to your shopping cart. After checkout you will receive an email containing instructions on how to access your Transform account.

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License to Use - purchasing options
- You need a License to Reproduce/Administer if...
- You need Mind Garden's Online Survey if...

	License to Reproduce/Administer			Mind Garden's Online Survey
Number of Administrations	Paper by mail		Digital download (PDF)	MindGarden's Transform system for data collection and scoring
50		$100.00		$120.00
100		$110.00		$132.00
150		$135.00		$162.00
200		$160.00		$192.00
250		$200.00		$240.00
300		$228.00		$274.00
350		$252.00		$302.00
400		$288.00		$346.00
450		$324.00		$389.00
500		$360.00		$432.00
For pricing for larger quantities, please click here

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About the MATHS

The MATHS inventory is based on three areas of math-related self-efficacy expectations.

1. The solving of math problems, that is, problems similar to those found on standardized tests of mathematical aptitude and achievement (i.e. Dowling's Mathematics Confidence Scale.
2. Mathematics behaviors used in everyday life, for example, balancing a checkbook, as represented by the Math Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS; Richardson & Suinn, 1972).
3. Capability of satisfactory performance in college courses requiring various degrees of mathematics knowledge and mastery. This aspect of behavior has not previously been used in the study of attitudes toward math but was considered particularly appropriate for examination in a population of college students.

Thus, self-efficacy expectations with regard to mathematics were operationally defined to include perceptions of performance capability in relationship to math problems, everyday math tasks, and mathematics-related college coursework.

Sample question

Confidence Scale

Example:

    How much confidence do you have that you could successfully...

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ABOUT THE MATHS

"As originally proposed by Bandura (1977), self-efficacy expectations refer to a person's beliefs concerning his/her ability to successfully perform a given task or behavior. They are postulated by Bandura (1977) to be the major mediators of behavior and behavior change. Low self-efficacy expectations regarding a behavior or behavioral domain lead to avoidance of those behaviors, and increases in self-efficacy expectations should increase the frequency of approach versus avoidance behavior. Thus, they can be useful in understanding and predicting behavior. In addition, interventions designed to facilitate approach behavior are effective because and to the extent that they increase the individual's expectations of self-efficacy with respect to the problematic, that is, previously avoided, behavior."

--Nancy Betz & Gail Hackett, Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale

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REFERENCES

More about Dr. Nancy Betz, Professor of Psychology, Ohio State University

More about Dr. Gail Hackett, is a lifelong Professor of Counseling Psychology who is currently serving as Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs at the University of Missouri at Kansas City. See her cv here

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